Well-drilling pump unit



@vo 255, EZ, L, K, NEWER WELL DRILLING UMP UNIT Filed July 14, 1941 5 Sheets-Shea?l l leona n? K/ener N0 24, 1942 L. K. HEINER WELL DRILLING PUMP UNIT Filed July 14, ll I5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Nom 24, 1942. L, K HEME@ WELL DRILLING wm UNIT E Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed July 14 1941 Leonard K. /wferlner` Patented Nov. 24, 1:942

UNITED STATES "PATENT ori-lcs WEIL-Damme PUMP UNIT y Leonard K. Heiner, Wichita, Kans.

Application July. 14, 1941, Serial No. 402,395 19 claims. (ci. Z55-64) My invention, which relates to the art of deep well drilling, has especially for its objects to provide: apparatus for drilling deep wells at a fair rate of speed; apparatus by the use of which the nature. of the formation penetrated can be ascertained: apparatus by the use of which it becomes possible to cement the hole cave-in-proof and water-tight in one operation; apparatus that may be used to produce the Well at any time, making it possible to determine the production without coming out of the hole with the drilling equipment.

Other objects will in part be obvious and in part be pointed out hereinafter.

To the attainment of the aforesaid objects and ends the invention still further resides in the novel details of construction, combination and arrangement of parts, all of which will be iirst fully described in the following detailed description, and then be particularly pointed out in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 (composed of Figs. 1^, 13,10, 1D, joined on the lines A A, B B and C C) is a vertical longitudinal section of my apparatus, parts being broken away.

Figs. 2 to 10, inclusive, are enlarged cross sections respectively on the lines 2 2, 3 3, 4 4, 5 5, 8 8, 1 1, 8 8, 9 8 and III-|801 Fig. 1.

vFig.'11 (composed of Figs l1A and 11B Joined on the lines B-B) isa side elevation of Fig. 1 turned 90.

Fig. 12 is a detail elevation of the lower valve and valve body viewed 90 from the View of Fig. 1A.

Fig. 13 is a cross section on Fig. 12.

Fig. 14 is a detail vertical section of the relief valve unit. g y

Fig. 15is an elevation of the same, viewed 90 from the viewof Fig. 14.

Fig. 16 is a detail vertical section oi' the bumper, the cylinder cap and part, of the cylinder separated. l

Figs. 17, 18 and 19 are, respective] cross sections on the lines I1 I1, I8 I8 and I9 I9 of Fig. 16.

Fig, 20 is an enlarged vertical section on the line 20-20 of'Fig. 10.

In the drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of my invention, I represents the shank of the bit proper 3,-and 2 indicates the hole or passage through the bit. The particular construction of bit used is not per se a part of the invention, but I prefer to use a bit of the the une lsls of fil construction shown. As will be seen by reference -to Fig, 1^, the bit has wingsY 4 whose under edges incline downwardly toward the axis of the bit. The wings 4 carry circumferentially disposed cutter blades 5 having teeth 8.

The cutter is connected to the lower end of the outer cylinder 8 by means of a tool joint 1 into which the upper threaded end of the shank I is screwed. The joint 1 is welded at w to the cylinder 8 and forms therewith a unitary structure. At its upper end the cylinder 8 is welded to a cylinder cap 8, which ismade in two halves and has 'a lower reduced portion 8c to t into the upper end of the cylinder', and an upper reduced portion 8b to fit into the skirt I4b of an upper bumper I4.

The bumper I4 andv thecap 8 each have a cable guide bore I5, a discharge pipe guide bore I1 with key grooves I1* and a cable `ferrule receiving bore I6 (see Fig. 16). The upper end of the bumper I4 is bevelled for a purpose presently understood.

Within the cylinder 8 is a spring seat 9, which may be formed of a collar rigidly secured inthe cylinder 8 in any approved way, as for example by welding,A so asto form with the cylinder an integral structure (see Fig. 1B.) I8 is a packing of oil-resisting rubber or other suitable substance, and I I indicates the upper packing sleeve which also fits in the cylinder 8 and is secured thereto as an integral structure (Figs. 1B and 1). The sleeve II has its upper end bevelled as at l.

A packing ring I2 is interposed between the spring I3 and the packing I8 (Fig. 1B).

A cable 29 passes down through the.passage I5-and is secured to a ferrule 3|, located in bore I 8, a ball bearing 30 being interposed between the ferrule 3| an'd the bumper I4 (Fig. 1C),

Screwed into the tool joint 1 is the lower ballvalve unit which comprises the valve body 32 having a valve seat 34 for the ball valve 33, and having an apertured neck 35, the apertures of y which, preferably, incline downwardly-outwardas at 36P- to the lower end of the inner plunger 31.

The upper end of the plunger tube 38 is threaded at 49 (Fig. 1B) to screw onto the threaded end 44'l (Figs. 14 and 15) of the body 44 o! the relief valve unit. The body 44 has a liquid discharge passage 50 and an airA duct 5i. The lower end of the duct 5I is tapped, as at 44h, and an air cushion pipe 52 is threaded into the same (Fig. 1B). The upper end of the duct 5I leads into a valve chamber which has a laterial outlet provided with a valve seat 45 and which contains a ball valve 46 and valve spring 4`l. A plunger 48 on the outside of the body 44 is provided to un seat the valve 46 when desired, as will later more fully appear.

Welded to the body 44 is a discharge tube 42 whose lower end telescopes into the neck 4I with a slip joint as at 43 (Fig. 1A). Welded to the top of the body 44 is the discharge pipe Ilb which passes through the upper bumper cup I8 and the end block I 8b of the upper bumper cup. The lower end of the cup I8 is bevelled as at I8'l to cooperate with the bevelled end I4a of the bumper I4 (Fig. 1D). A rubber bumper composed of discs I9 having staggered holes 28 is located in the cup i8, while a similarly constructed resilient bumper 2|, having staggered holes 22, is located in the cylinder 8 below the bumper I4.

The discharge pipe I1h has wings which lie in Operation The combined pump and bit apparatus vis let down and the pipe line 28 is held against longitudinal movement while cable 29 is raised and lowered to reciprocate the drill, the stroke beingl so regulated that normally the bevelled end Il* of the upper packing sleeve will not engage the plunger 48 and bumper I4 will not engage bumper I9 (on the.upstroke), and bumper 2I will not engage the valve body 44 (on the downstroke) Ase the drill is worked up and down, it is, at the same time, turned about the axis oi' the bit by the turntable, giving a churning and chiseling action as the bit works its way into the formation. A pumping action takes place at the same time. On the downstroke of the outer cylinder 8 valve 33 unseats while valve 40 remainsseated, as does also valve 46. Through the pump action of the plunger 31 water and the detritus is drawn un hole 2 through lower valve body 32 into the inner cylindensome water passing through the apertures of neck 35 into the space between the outer and inner cylinders below spring seat 9. As the velocity ofr the solids passing up through 35 is considerable, only the liquid will flow downwardly-outwardly through the apertures in neck 35, while the solids will rush by the same.

0n the upstroke of the cylinder 8 valve 33 will close and valve 40 will open; the downward motion (relative) of inner plunger 36 then forces the water back through the holes in neck 35 and it, together with the water and detritus in the inner cylinder 36, passes up through the upper valve body into the discharge tube (and eventually to the surface through relief valve body 44, discharge pipe Il'b and the string oi standpipe 28) a part of the water passing through the holes in neck 4I into the space between the discharge tube 42 and the inner plunger, compressing the air above it and that in pipe 52 (which air acts as an air spring or ram). This completes a cycle (complete reciprocation of drill bit and cylinder 8).

This reciprocation of cylinder 8 and bit I continues until bumper 2i reaches bumper i9 and bumper 2| is reached by valve body 44. Thereupon pipe string 28 is lowered the required distance (one drill stroke length) and the recipro= cation of the drill and consequent pumping action continues as before. If desired, pipe 28 may be lowered at a steady rate equal to the depth of the cut made by the bit during each impact.

After a time any air that may be pocketed between the inner cylinder 36 and the outer cylinder 8 will leak away or become absorbed. So also will the air in the space between the discharge tube 42 and the inner plunger 31 and in pipe 52.

In order to replace the air in the space between the tube 42 and plunger 31 and in pipe 2, cable 25 is drawn up higher than the upper limit of its working stroke until the bevelled end I I rides up on plunger 48, thereby pressing it in and unseating valve 46. down standpipe 28 and the water is blown down and out through the drill. Compressed air then passes into the spaces referred to and through pipe 52, duct 5I, into outer casing 8 and escaping through the longitudinal slots 53 into the water surrounding the apparatus. W'hen thisvoccurs, cylinder (or casing 8) is lowered to release the plunger 48, whereupon spring 41 plus air pressure. seats valve 45 and closes off escape of air. The air compressor is then operatively disconnected from pipe 28 and the apparatus is again worked, as hereinbefore described.

'I'he water pumped by the apparatus is returnedy to the hole around the outer cylinder and the bit. When a loose formation is contacted, the water will seek its normal level. Meanwhile the drilling motion, if continued, will return about the same quantity of water to the hole as is pumped out. When the water around the bit has about reached its normal height, then cement is added and. a little more water than is being removed, causing the cement to iilter into the formation about the hole where, once it comes to rest. it will set, thus making the sand or gravel bed adjacent the hole a cement block. The distance the cement leaves the hole will depend largely on the difference of the internal pressure retained in relation to the outer pressure and the speed or' the underground flow. The cement within the water in the hole is kept in circulation with the cuttings which come up to the surface, the cuttings being screened out or otherwise separated from the liquid, only the liquid being returned to the hole.

The fact that the bit is a chisel-type one and is turned as it lifts, eliminates most of the mud that would be formed by other meth'ods.

In practice the turning of the bit takes place on the upstroke. A surface charge pump (not shown) is used to pressure-out artesian now or any other undesired flow, or to drive the cement farther into the formation surrounding the hole, when desired.

Lime may be used in the water when it is desired to pass up a vein'that it may be desirable to re-open.

As the center of the bit is hollow, it will pass a core as well as the coarse cuttings, thereby- Compressed air is then pumped.

eliminating guess-work as to what is being drilled.

The chisel bit will not pack the surrounding wall, making it possible to-obtain .a better producer well. The shale formation will not be disturbed so far back from the wall, and thus it is left in better condition to stand a dry hole while production is being tested. This test can be made by pumping the hole dry by using my apparatus. y

In raising the apparatus from the hole, the entire structure is suspended on the cable; sleeve II rides up over plunger 48 to open relief valve 46, upper bumper cup is entered by bumper I4 until bumper I4 engages rubber bumper I9, whereupon the parts come to rest on the cable 29 and may be raised by the usual rigging (not e shown) at the surface of the ground.

` From the'foregoing description, taken in con'- nection with the accompanying drawings, it is thought that the complete construction, operation and advantages of the invention will be clear to those skilled in the art to which it relates.

What I claim is:

l. In apparatus of the class described, a hollow bit, an outer cylinder to the lower. end of which the bit is connected, an inner cylinder within and spaced from said outer cylinder, a lower upwardly opening back check valve device connected to and communicating with said inner cylinder at its lower end and communicating with the passage in said bit, an inner plunger tted over said inner cylinder, an upper upwardly opening back check valve carried by said inner plunger, a discharge tube leading upwardly from said upper back check valve, a plunger tube connected at its lower end inner plunger, a closure for the upper said plunger tube, said closure having a passage communicating with said discharge tube, a discharge pipe leading from said passage to the top of the apparatus and adapted for connection to a standpipe, and means for reciprocating said outer cylinder and bit for effecting a cutting and a` pumping operation.

2. In apparatus of the class described, a hollow bit, an outer cylinder to the lower end of which the bit is connected, an inner cylinder within and spaced from said outer cylinder, a lower upwardly opening back check valve device connected to and communicating with said inner cylinder at its lower end and communicating with the lpassage in said bit, an inneryplunger tted over said inner cylinder, an upper upwardly opening back check valve carried .by said inner plunger, a discharge tube leading upwardly from said upper back check valve, a plunger tube connected at its lower end to and enclosing said inner plunger, a closure for the upper end of said 'plunger tube, means for establishing an air cushion between said plunger tube and said discharge tube, said closure having a passage communieating with said discharge tube, a discharge pipe the cap by pins or setleading from said passage to the top of the apparatus and adapted for connection to a standpipe,

and means for reciprocating said outer cylinder and bit for eiecting a cutting and a pumping operation.

3. In apparatus of the class described, a hollow bit, an outer cylinder to the' lower end of which the bit is connected, an inner cylinder within and spaced from said outer cylinder, a lower upwardly` opening back check valve device connected to and communicating with said inner cylinder at its lower end and communicating with the passage in said bit, an inner plunger tted over said inner cylinder, an upper upwardly opening back check valve carried by said inner plunger, a discharge tube leading upwardly from said upper back check valve, a plunger tube connected at its lower end to and enclosing said inner plunger, a closure for the upper end of said plunger tube, said closure having a passage communicating with said discharge tube, a'discharge pipe leading from said passage to the top of the apparatus and adapted for connection to a standpipe, means for reciprocating said outer cylinder and bit for effecting a cutting and a pumping operation, and means for establishing an air cushion within said inner cylinder.

4. In apparatus of the class described, a hollow bit, an outer cylinder to the lower end of which the bit is connected, an inner cylinder within and spaced from said outer cylinder, a lower upwardly opening back check valve device connected to and communicating with said inner to and enclosing said end of Ila) cylinder at its lower end and communicating with the passage insaid bit, an inner plunger iitted over said inner cylinder, an upper upwardly opening back check valve carried by said inner plunger, a discharge tube leading upwardly from said upper back check valve, a plunger tube connected at its lower end to and enclosing said inner plunger, a closure for the upper end of said plunger tube, means for establishing an air cushion between said plunger tube and said discharge tube, said closure having a passage communicating with said discharge tube, a discharge pipe leading from said passage to the top of the apparatus and adapted for connection to a standpipe, means for reciprocating said outer cylinder and bit for eiecting a cutting and a pumping operation, and means for admitting and exhausting -water to and from said outer cylinder between it and said inner cylinder.

5. In apparatus of the class described, an outer cylinder, a hollow bit secured to the lower end of said cylinder, a cylinder cap, an upper bumper, said bumper projecting upwardly from the cylinder cap, said bumper having a cable passage and a discharge pipe passage, a cable ferrule on the lower end of said cable and a swivel bearingA between said ferrule and. said bumper, an upper bumper cup having a passage for said cable and having a discharge pipe receiving opening, said cup adapted for' telescoping over said upper bumper, a discharge pipe connected to said cup and passing down into said outer cylinder through said upper bumper, a relief valve unit connected to the lower end of said discharge eating with said back check valve unit and the through passage of said relief Valve unit, said relief valve unit including a relief-valve-controlled 'duct communicating with the space between said plunger tube and said discharge tube, an inner cylinder telescoping into said plunger tube, a lower back check valve between said inner cylinder and said bit, means for establishing an air spring in the space between said plunger tube and said discharge tube, and means for opening said relief valve to effect communication between the air spring space and the outside of the apparatus.

6. In'apparatus of the class described, an outer cylinder, a hollow bit secured to the lower end of said cylinder, a cylinder cap, an upper bumper, said bumper projecting upwardly from the cylinder' cap, said bumper having a cable passage and. a discharge pipe passage, a cable ferrule on the lower end of said cable and a swivel bearing between said ferrule and said bumper, an upper bumper cup having a passage for said cable and having a discharge pipe receiving opening, said cup adapted for telescoping over said upper bumper, a resilient bumper within said cup, a discharge pipe connected to said cup and passing down into said outer cylinder through said upper valve unit, said relief valve unit including a reliefvalve-controlled duct communicating with the space between said plunger tube andsaid discharge tube, an inner cylinder telescoping into said plunger tube, a lower back check valve between said inner cylinder and said bit, means for establishing an air spring in the space between' said plunger tube and said discharge tube, means for opening said relief valve to eiect communication between the air spring space and the out.. side of the apparatus, and a resilient bumper in said outer cylinder between said relief valve unit and said upper bumper.

7. In apparatus of the class described, an outer cylinder, a hollow bit secured to the lower end of said cylinder, a cylinder cap, an upper bumper, said bumper projecting upwardly from the cylinder cap, said bumper having a cable passage and a discharge pipe passage, a cable ferrule on the lower end of said cable and a swivel bearingbetween said ferrule and said bumper, an upper bumper cup having a passage for said cable and having a discharge pipe receiving opening, said cup adapted for telescoping over said upper bumper, a discharge pipe connected to said cup and passing down into said outer cylinder I through said upper bumper, a relief valve unit plunger tube, a lower back check valve between said inner cylinder and said bit, means for establishing an air spring in the space between said plunger tube and said discharge tube, means for c opening said relief valve to effect communication between the air spring space and the outside of the apparatus, and means for admitting water to and exhausting the same from said outer cylinder between it and said inner cylinder, said air spring giving to the apparatus the pumping action of a hydraulic ram.

B. In apparatus of the class described, a pipeline for extending down into a well, a plunger device with a back check valve carried by said pipe-line, an outer reciprocatory cylinder enclosing and cooperating with said plunger device, a hollow bit and a back check valve carried by said cylinder, and means by which said outer cylinder may be reciprocated While said pipe-line and plunger device remain stationary.

9. n apparatus of the class described, a pipeline for extending down into a well, a plunger device with a back check valve carried by said pipe-line, an outer reciprocatory cylinder enclosing and cooperating with said plunger device, a hollow bit and a back check valve carried by said cylinder, means by which said outer cylinder may be reciprocated while said pipe-line and plunger device remain stationary, and means for establishing an air spring for cooperation with the water passing up through said plunger device to act as a hydraulic ram. l0. In apparatus of the class described, a pipeline for extending down into a well, a plunger device with a back check valve carried by said pipeline, an outer reciprocatory cylinder enclosing and cooperating with said plunger device, a hollow bit and a back check valve carried by said cylinder, means by which said outer cylinder may be reciprocated while said pipe-line and plunger device remain stationary, an upper bumper on said cylinder, and an upper bumper cup carried by said pipe-line to telescope over said bumper, said means by which said cylinder may be reciprocated comprising a cable passed through said cup and connected to said cylinder.

ll1. In apparatus of the class described, a pipeline for extending down into a Well, a plunger device with aback check valve carried by said pipeline, an outer reciprocatory cylinder enclosing and cooperating with said plunger device, a hollow bit and a back check valve carried by said cylinder, means by which said outer cylinder may be reciprocated while saidpipe-line and plunger device remain stationary, an upper bumper on said cylinder, an upper bumper cup carried by said pipe-line to telescope over said bumper, said means by which said cylinder may be reciprocated comprising a cable passed through said cup and connected to said cylinder, and a lower bumper in said cylinder for cooperation with a part of said plunger device, said bumpersserving to limit the strokes of said Cylinder with respect to said plunger device.

12. In apparatus of the class described, an outer cylinder, a hollow bit carried by said cylinder at its lower end, a cylinder cap and an upper bumper for the upper end of said cylinder and having offset passages for a discharge pipe and a cable respectively, a cable passing through the cable passage and swivelly anchored to said cylinder cap, a discharge pipe passing through the discharge passage into the cylinder,- an upperbumper securedto said discharge pipe for cooperation with the upper bumper of said cylinder and having a. passage for said cable, and means within the cylinder and cooperating with said discharge pipe for pumping liquid and cuttings up through said bit to and through said discharge pipe.

13. In apparatus of the class described, an outer cylinder, a hollow blt carried by said cylinder at its lower end, a cylinder cap and an upper bumper respectively,

for the upper end of said cylinder and having offset passages for a discharge pipe and a cable a cable passing through the cable passage and swivelly anchored to said cylinder cap, `a discharge pipe passing through the discharge passage into the cylinder. an upper bumper secured to said discharge pipe for cooperation with the upper bumper of said cylinder and having a passage for said cable, and means within the cylinder and cooperating with said discharge pipe for pumping liquid and cuttings up through said bit to and through said discharge pipe, said last named means including a hydraulic ram.

14. In apparatus of the class described, an outer cylinder, a hollow bit carried by said cylinder at its lower end, a cylinder cap and an upper bumper for the upper end of said cylinder and having offset passages for a discharge pipe and a cable respectively, a cable passing through the cable passage and swivelly anchored to said cylin'der cap, a discharge pipe passing through the discharge passage into the cylinder, an upper bumper secured to said eration with the upper bumper. of said cylinder and having a passage for said cable, a lower back check valve unit carried by said cylinder and having a passage communicating with said bit, an inner cylinder carried by said back check valve unit, said unit including a perforatedneck for effecting communication with the space in the outer cylinder surrounding the inner cylinder, means for closing the upper end of said space, an inner plunger device within said outer` cylinder and into which said inner cylinder telescopes, said inner plunger device including an upper back check valve unit, having a perforated neck, and a plunger tube enclosing said upper back check valve unit, a duct eiecting communication between said upper back check valve unit and said discharge pipe, and means for closing off above the aforesaid neck the space between said duct and said plunger tube, thereby to provide an air spring for hydraulic ram action.

El5. In apparatus of the class described, an outer cylinder, -a hollow bit carried by said cylinder at its lower end, a cylinder cap and an upper bumper for the upper end of said cylinder and having oiset passages for a discharge pipe and a cable respectively, a cable passing through the cable passage and swivelly anchored with said cylinder, a discharge pipe passing through the discharge passage into the cylinder, an upper bumper secured tosaid discharge pipe for cooperation with the upper bumper of said cylinder and having a passage for said cable, a lower back check valve unit carried by said cylinder communicating with said bit, an inner cylinder carried by said back check valve unit, said unit including a perforated neck for eiecting communication with the space in the outer cylinder surrounding the inner cylinder, means for' closing the upper` end of said space, an inner plunger de.. vice within said outer cylinder and into which said inner cylinder telescopes, said inner plunger device including an upper back check valve unit, having a perforated neck, a. plunger tube enclosing said upper back check valve unit, a duct effecting communication between said upper back check valve unit and said discharge pipe, means for closing oi above the aforesaid neck the space between said duct and said plunger tube, thereby to provide an air spring for hydraulic ram action, and means for opening said space to atmosphere at will.

16. In apparatus of the class described, an

discharge pipe for coopand having a passageouter cylinder, a hollow bit carried by said cylinder, adischarge pipe and a cable passed down into said cylinder, means to anchor said cable to said cylinder, a lower back check valvey unit carried by said cylinder and having a passage communicating with said bit, an inner cylinder carried by said back check valve unit, said unit includinga perforated neck for effecting communication with the space in the outer cylinder surrounding the inner cylinder, means for closing the upper end of said space, an inner plunger device within said outer cylinder and into which said inner cylinder telescopes, said inner plunger device including an upper back check valve unit,.

end of said cylinder, the upper end ofthe cylinder being longitudinally split, a, two-part cylinder cap having a reduced lower end to iit into the top of said outer cylinder'with its parting plane passing through the cylinderv split, means permanently securing the cap to the outer cylinder, said cap having a reduced upper end, an upper bumper having a skirt fitted'oyer the upper end of said cap, means` securingsaid skirt to said cap, an upper bumper cup, a cable passed through said upper bumper cap and continued into and anchored to said cap, a discharge pipe also passing through said upper bumper cup, said upper bumper and said cap, and means connected to said discharge :pipe and mounted onv said outer cylinder and cooperating with said outer cylinder for pumping up the cuttings made by the bit.

18. In apparatus of the class described, an outer cylinder having a cap at its upper end and a tool joint at its lower end, a hollow drill secured to said joint, a lower back check valve unit including a valve body secured to said joint and` having a through passage controlled by a valve having a neck with downwardly-outwardly inclined apertures, an inner cylinder secured at its lower end to said neck and spaced from said outer cylinder, an inner plunger whose lower end telescopes said inner cylinder, an upper back check valve vunit carried by said inner plunger at its upper end and including a valve body having a through passage controlled by a valve and having a neck with downwardly-outwardly inclined apertures, a plunger tube whose lower end is connected with and carries said inner plunger, a

relief valve body having a through passage, a-

discharge tube carried by said relief valve body and communicating with the neck of said upper back check valve body, said relief valve body having a relief-valve-controlled passage for effecting communication between the Iatmosphere and the space between said plunger tube and said discharge tube, means normally holding the relief valve closed, means operable by movement of said outer cylinder along the axis of the inner cylinder for opening said relief valve when desired, a discharge pipe leading from the through passage of said relief valve body to and through the top of said outer cylinder, and means for reciprocating said outer and inner cylinders while said inner plunger, said plunger tube relief valve and said discharge pipe remain stationary.

19. 'in apparatus of the class described, an outer cylinder having a cap at its upper end and a tool joint at its lower end. a hollow drill secured to said joint, a lower back check valve unit including a valve body secured to said joint Vand having a through passage controlled by a valve having a neck, an inner cylinder secured at its lower end to said neck and spaced from said 'discharge tube carried by said relief valve body and communicating with the neck of said upper back check valve body, said relief valve body having a relief-valve-controlled passage for effecting communication between the atmosphere and the space between said plunger tube and said discharge tube, means normally holding the relief valve closed, means operable by movement of said outer cylinder along the axis oi the inner cylinder for opening said relief valve when desired, a discharge pipe leading from the through passage of said relief valve body to and through the top of said outer cylinder, means for reciprocating said outer and inner cylinders while said inner plunger, said plunger tube relief valve and said discharge pipe remain stationary, and means for establishing an air spring in coin'-I munlcation with the liquid passages above the upper Aback check valve to set up a hydraulicram action when the apparatus is in use.

LEONARD K. KLEINER. 

